Bee honeycomb5/3/2023 ![]() They are more concerned with scouting for a new home and staying in protective clusters around the queen. When honey bees are swarming, they are not nearly as defensive as they are around their hive because they are not protecting brood (developing young bees) or honey stores. James Craig, ©South Carolina Charleston Area Beekeepers Association Are Swarms Dangerous? These secondary swarms often are not as successful in establishing new colonies because they are unable to build new combs and collect sufficient resources in time to survive the coming winter.Ĭharleston Area beekeeper, James Craig, collecting a swarm from a loquat tree. ![]() The primary swarm season is between March and May, but occasionally secondary swarms occur later in the season. This is when a wide variety of plants are in bloom, making nectar and pollen resources bountiful. Usually, swarming activity coincides with the nectar flow in the spring. She then will take flight to find drones to mate with in order to begin the process of egg-laying and rebuilding the workforce in the colony. Typically, the first queen to emerge will sting the other queens in their cells and kill them in order to assume the role as the new queen for the colony. After 16 days, the new queens begin to emerge. The queens developing in the swarm cells in the old hive are attended by half of the workers that did not leave with the swarm. Once a suitable home is found, the entire cluster will take flight and move to the new location where it will begin building comb, developing new brood, and gathering pollen and nectar. The cluster will remain until scout bees locate a new hive or cavity to occupy. Often the cluster will leave, travel a mile or more, and reform on another branch far away from the original hive. The cluster will remain there for several hours while scout bees explore the area for a new home. The queen will find a nearby tree, land, and emit pheromones that signal the workers to cluster around her. When the queen is ready, she leaves the hive and is followed by about half of the workers in a massive cloud of flying bees. Meanwhile, the queen quits laying eggs and reduces her weight to be able to fly. Foraging slows down, and the workers begin erratic movements within the hive. Once the swarm cells are constructed, and the queen lays eggs in them, then the colony changes its behavior. The workers begin building swarm cells for new queens. When a honey bee colony outgrows its home, becomes too congested, or too populated for the queen’s pheromones to control the entire workforce, then the workers signal that it is time to swarm. Swarming is the process by which honey bee colonies reproduce to form new colonies. Tim Howell, ©South Carolina Blackwater Beekeepers Association. A swarm of honey bees clustered on a sweetgum tree near Conway, SC.
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